It has been a long while (Mar 2004 till now to be exact) since Dr Tan Cheng Bock (Singapore presidential candidate in 2011) advocated water conservation by implementing a rainwater collection tank to water his garden despite the illegal nature of such an act before that time. See Straits Times article below (dated 16 Mar 2004).
Source: Straits Times 16 Mar 2004
Before 2004, collection of rainwater was forbidden except for the use of pails in residences. Building a rainwater tank was strictly a no-no. Rationale: rainwater was a property of PUB acting in the best interests of the nation in water conservation and rainwater collection via the canals and drains that ultimately flow into reservoirs (technically, only two-thirds of the land area here is available for rainwater catchment so not all rainwater is channelled into reservoirs). Yes, you are expected to let the government handle YOUR water needs. What a mentality...
Since then, even though not widely known, rainwater harvesting has been legalised for households as long your rainwater storage tank is no bigger than 5x2x2m (or you will have to pay a levy for wastewater treatment) and your rainwater is for non-potable uses. Institutions and companies will have to apply for a permit if they want to implement rainwater harvesting. Still, many got their permits e.g. Changi Airport (1, 2), Nanyang Polytechnic, Poh Ern Shih Temple.
But now, it is official!
Details are now more clearly spelled in PUB's website:
1. Alternate sources of water
This page also includes grey water recycling (I will cover this in a separate post) which is now officially recognised too! How exciting!Some highlights:
- Owner/developer/QP/PE can submit an application to PUB for rainwater harvesting.
- Please note that rainwater is only (and still) for non-potable use.
2. GUIDANCE NOTE FOR THE APPLICATION OF RAINWATER COLLECTION SYSTEMS
http://www.pub.gov.sg/conserve/CommercialOperatorsAndOther/Documents/GuidanceNotes.pdf
More details can be found in this document.
Some highlights:
- Not surprisingly, rainwater harvesting equipment has to comply with the Code of practice for water services and the fittings must follow the standards under PUB.
- What are your non-potable options in the use of rainwater?
- general washing
- toilet flushing
- irrigation
- Sorry, no bathing and washing of hands... (and I though that rainwater is supposed to be good for your hair)
- Excess rainwater should be allowed to overflow into drains which of course goes back to becoming the property of PUB.
- Don't forget the other governmental big brother, NEA. Your rainwater system also has to comply with NEA's guidelines, especially concerning mosquito breeding.
- GUIDELINES ON MOSQUITO PREVENTION IN DOMESTIC RAINWATER COLLECTION SYSTEM FOR NON-POTABLE USES http://www.nea.gov.sg/cms/ehd/Guidelines_on_RainWaterCollectionSystem.pdf
- Guess what... gutters are now allowed (though "discouraged") for rainwater harvesting provided they follow the guidelines given here.
- The same rainwater is not supposed to remain for more than 7 days in the storage tank (translated as residence time to the engineer reading this).
http://www.pub.gov.sg/abcwaters/ABCWatersProfessional/Documents/managingUrbanRunoff.pdf
A big document - 82 pages. More for further info and background.
My take
Well and good. People should have a role in conserving and utilising this precious resource. No doubt, centralised rainwater harvesting by PUB is indeed useful. However, the people need to be allowed more freedom for initiative to take care of themselves and the environment.
Personally speaking, rainwater is really clean water. The possible contaminants will be dust and dissolved gases and whatever that adds into the water by the collection system e.g. bird droppings, dead insects. After some minimal treatment, rainwater is certainly potable. As mentioned in a previous post, I strongly suggest rainwater as compared to other sources for consumption rural/developing communities overseas.
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Great idea to promote rain water collection system.
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